Spectrally-Efficient Backscatter System

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Spectral efficiency is one of key criteria used to characterize communication systems. It is defined as

Therefore, increasing the spectral efficiency can be done using one of two methods:

  1. Increase the data rate

  2. Decrease the required channel bandwidth per data rate!

How to Increase the Data Rate?

Increasing data rate can be achieved using high-order modulation. In backscatter communications, this is equivalent to switching between more than one impedance!